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Historical Landmarks of the UK
Magna
Carta
|
1066 - 1272 |
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William
the Conqueror defeats Saxon king Harold and is consecrated king
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1215
|
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The
Magna Carta (« la Grande Charte ») is signed by king John.
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The power
of the king is reduced
|
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1259 |
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Treaty
of Paris between England and France
|
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1294 |
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War
with France begins
|
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1315-1316 |
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Great
Famine
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William the Conqueror
|
1337 |
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The
Hundred Years War begins
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1453 |
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End of
the Hundred Years’ War. Bordeaux falls to
the French. The war ends without a treaty and England loses its
French possessions
|
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1455
- 1485 |
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The Wars of the Roses. A
series of civil wars between the House of Lancaster and the House of
York
|
|
1534 |
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Henry VIII breaks with
Catholic Church and creates the Church of England
|
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1588 |
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The Spanish Armada is
defeated by Queen Elizabeth’s navy. Protestantism wins a glorious
battle
|
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1605 |
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Gunpowder Plot, the last
major Catholic conspiracy
|
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1642
- 1648 |
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The Civil War opposed the
King’s supporters (the Roundheads, “les Têtes rondes”) to the
Parliamentarians led by Oliver Cromwell
|
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1649 |
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King Charles I is beheaded
and Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector
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1665 |
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The Great Plague that begins
in London and kills 15 % of the population
|
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1666 |
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The Great Fire in London,
one of the biggest calamities in the history of London destroys
about 13,000 houses
|
The great fire of London
|
1679 |
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-
One of the most important
statutes in English constitutional history : the Habeas Corpus (
Latin for "You have the body.") is adopted. It prevents long
imprisonment without trial
|
|
1688
- 1689 |
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The Glorious Revolution.
James II is expelled. Mary II and William III jointly accede to the
throne of England
|
|
1689 |
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The Bill of Rights is
adopted. It is one of the basic documents of English constitutional
law
|
|
1760s |
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Beginning of the Industrial
Revolution
|
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1764 |
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James Hargreaves invents the
Spinning Jenny, a revolution in the textile industry
|
|
1769 |
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James Watt invents the steam
machine
|
|
1780s |
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James Watt’s steam engine is
a real revolution
|
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1783 |
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Treaty
of Paris.
-
Britain
recognises Independence of the United States of America
|
|
1815 |
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Napoleon is defeated at
Waterloo by English troops
|
Napoleon at Waterloo
|
1821
- 1823 |
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Famine in Ireland
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1825 |
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Trade Unions are legalized
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1832 |
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First Reform Act is adopted.
More people are able to vote
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1834 |
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Slavery is abolished in the
British Empire
|
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1837
- 1091 |
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Reign of Queen Victoria. She
is the longest reigning monarch. It’s the Victorian Era
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1850 |
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End of Industrial Revolution
with England producing 50%+ of world’s iron
|
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1871 |
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Government recognize trade
unions and their right to strike
|
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1876 |
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Queen Victoria becomes
Empress of India
|
- Queen Victoria,
- the longest reigning monarch in UK history
|
1904 |
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The Entente Cordiale between
the United Kingdom and France
|
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1914
- 1918 |
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World
War I .
-
908,371
British subjects dead, 2,090,212 wounded
|
|
1921
- 1922 |
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Negotiation of the
Anglo-Irish Treaty
|
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1928 |
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Women and men over 21 can
vote
|
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1931 |
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Financial crisis and run on
the pound
|
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1940 |
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Churchill succeeds
Chamberlain as Prime Minister
|
Winston Churchill
|
1936 |
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Edward VIII abdicates to
marry Wally Simpson
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1941 |
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Luftwaffe ‘blit’ on London
and 56 other British cities
|
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1944 |
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D-day invasion of France
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1945 |
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Welfare State laws
introduced by Attlee’s government.
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Medical care is free
|
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1947 |
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Independence of India. It is
divided between Pakistan (Muslim) and India (Hindu)
|
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1949 |
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NATO founded
|
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1972 |
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Bloody Sunday (January 30)
in Derry
|
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1973 |
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Britain enters the European
Common Market
|
|
1979
- 1990 |
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Margaret Thatcher, first
woman Prime Minister enforces a liberal policy
|
|
1990 |
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Resignation of Mrs Thatcher-
John Major becomes Prime Minister
|
Margaret Thatcher
|
1991 |
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Gulf War against Iraq
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1994 |
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The English Channel tunnel
links Britain to France
|
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1997 |
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After almost 20 years of
Conservative government Britain elects a Labour government. Tony
Blair becomes Prime Minister
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Lady Diana is killed in a
car crash
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Hong Kong is returned to
China
|
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1998 |
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The Good Friday Agreement
(Belfast Agreement) is signed in Belfast April 10th 1998
by the British and Irish
|
|
1999 |
-
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The House of Lords Act 1999
removes the automatic right of the hereditary peers to sit and vote
in the House of Lords.
|
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2002 |
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-
Queen Elizabeth II
celebrates her golden Jubilee
|
Queen Elizabeth
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