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THE
STUARTS
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The Stuart
Dynasty
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The Stuart dynasty, which followed the Tudors, started when
James VI of Scotland (the son of Mary, Queen of Scots)
united the Scottish and English thrones and became James I
of England in 1603 .
The history of England in Stuart times is the story of a
struggle between the Kings and the Parliaments of the period.
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Before the advent of the Stuarts, the Tudors who were
despotic rulers had ruled for England more than a century.
They tactfully manipulated popular support.
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This is why during the Tudor period not a single instance of
any serious conflict was reported between the Parliament and
the Monarchy.
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On the contrary, the Stuart Kings, who were themselves
Scots, could not understand the temper of the English
people.
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They were frank and straightforward in their opinions and
possessed no political skill or tact like the Tudors to
humor the Parliament or the people.
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Therefore, several crises occurred during the whole period
of Stuart rule from 1603 to 1688.
Ultimately, the Parliament achieved its final victory in
1688 with the Glorious Revolution.
The end of the Stuart line with the death of Queen Anne led
to the drawing up of the Act of Settlement in 1701, which
provided that only Protestants could hold the throne.
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The monarchy
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The Monarchy is the oldest institution of government in the
United Kingdom.
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Until 1603 the English and Scottish Crowns were separate;
after this date one monarch reigned in the United Kingdom.
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The last four hundred years have seen many changes in the
nature of the Monarchy in the United Kingdom.
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From the end of the 17th century, monarchs lost executive
power and they increasingly became subject to Parliament,
resulting in today's constitutional Monarchy.
It was an age of intense religious debate and radical
politics. Both contributed to a bloody civil war in the mid-seventeenth
century between Crown and Parliament (the Cavaliers and the
Roundheads), resulting in a parliamentary victory for Oliver
Cromwell and the dramatic execution of King Charles I.
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The
Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell
1599 - 1658
Statue near the
Houses of Parliament
London
The seven
Stuart monarchs
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King
James I
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reigned
1603 - 1625
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Born in
1566, died in 1625.
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Son of
Mary, Queen of Scots and Lord Darnley, James inherited the
throne of England after the death of his mother's cousin,Queen
Elizabeth I.
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He was yet
King of Scotland, reigned 1567 - 1625.
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When King
James Charles Stuart ascended to the English throne, he became
King James VI of Scotland and King James I of England.
He was the first king of both England and Scotland.
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James
was a firm protestant, and in 1604 he expelled all Catholic
priests from the island.
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His ascension to the English throne forever
joined the crowns of England and Scotland.
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reigned 1625 – 1649
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Born in
1600, died in 1949 ( beheaded)
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He was the second son of James I and Anne of Denmark.
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He was
king of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
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Charles I was beheaded following the civil war, leading to the
republican Commonwealth (1649-53) and Oliver Cromwell's rule as
Lord Protector (1653-58).
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The monarchy, and the Stuart dynasty, was restored with Charles
II (1660-85)
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Cromwell period : 1649-1660
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reigned 1660 – 1685
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Born in 1630, died in 1685.
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Son of
Charles I.
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Also King of Scotland , reigned 1649 -
1661.
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In 1670 Charles II
and Louis XIV signed the Treaty of DoverIn and he
became a
Roman Catholic.
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After
becoming a Catholic, Charles tried very hard to protect
other Catholics from Protestant persecution.
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reigned 1685 – 1688
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Born
in 1633 and died in exile in France in 1701.
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Second son
of Charles I.
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Also James VII of Scotland.
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During
the Commonwealth he was a soldier in
France
and
Spain.
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Queen Mary II and King William III
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reigned together 1689 - 1694
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Born in 1662, died in 1694
Daughter of James II
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Born in 1650, died in 1702.
Son of William II of Nassau,
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Prince of Orange.
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Reigned alone after
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his wife's death until 1702
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Born in
1664, died in 1714.
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Last monarch of the Stuart dynasty.
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Second daughter of James II and Anne Hyde; younger sister of
Mary II.
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Her reign is marked by the great war of
the Spanish Succession and the achievements of Marlborough,
the accomplishment of the legislative union of Scotland with
England, and the dashing exploits of lord Peterborough in
Spain.
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